Why is it called test tube baby? Because the process of egg fertilization and sperm done outside the mother's body, also known as in vitro fertilization (IVF). In vitro means in a glass / tube, fertilization means fertilization. So fertilization in the tube, be IVF. In IVF, the egg is taken from the ovaries mature mother, fertilized with sperm in a liquid medium. Once successful, the small embryo is inserted into the uterus that occur in the hope of developing into a baby.
Below is the process of making IVF are:
1. The process of stimulation or superovulation
The first process is done by stages the lady who runs the IVF program was originally given fertility drugs in order to produce the amount of more than one egg. And then, the egg-egg was examined to obtain good quality oocytes.
Why need stimulation? Because naturally, developing egg cells only one, while for IVF takes a lot of eggs. How to stimulate the ovaries is to inject the hormone with a certain dose every day. This treatment is usually performed between 8-12 times, depending on the development of the egg cell.
By monitoring the growth of follicles (fluid containing the egg cells in the ovaries). Monitoring is done through ultrasound through the vagina. The goal is to see the number of egg cells are formed and its development is ripe or not. That is why during the program, every 3 or 4 days, should consult a doctor to see the growth of follicles. Of monitoring is determined whether the dose syringe is sufficient, redundant, or even less and should be increased. If seen good follicle growth and the number of egg cells whose size is large enough, then started on adding one (1) injection again to prevent broken eggs naturally. So the two (2) times the injections every night.
The process of egg maturation. This is done by injecting a drug that egg ready to be harvested. After maturation of the egg, the next mother then injected daily fasting and fasting meal start the evening (before bedtime) for the preparation of action the next day.
2. Taking the egg (ovum pick up / OPU). In the process of making this egg cell of the mother under general anesthesia. OPU its own action lasts about 45-60 minutes. Egg retrieval is done from the vagina. Likewise, on the same day, also taken husband's sperm. If by chance the husband was unable to attend when the OPU, sperm can be taken a few days earlier and then deposited into the laboratory and then frozen to await the time of ovulation. Frozen sperm stored in liquid nitrogen carefully thawed by medical personnel.
If it has been examined, the next stage is to get the best egg, which is done through a small operation.
Current technological developments, egg retrieval do not need to go through surgery, just with a special catheter, the patient lightly sedated only about 20 minutes without injuries. After the egg and then fertilized by sperm in a laboratory dish before it grows into an embryo, According to the vice president and CEO of Medical Mother Morula IVF Indonesia, Dr. Ivan Here, MD, FRANZCOG, GDRM, SpOG. written on Friday (11/22/2013).
If the first IVF program takes three months but now no longer take long enough two weeks, "said dr. Ivan, written on Friday (22/11/2013).
The process only takes 3 to 5 days before the embryo is implanted in the mother's womb. Two weeks later, the patient was able to positively determine whether pregnant or not, further said Ivan.
3. Consolidation of the cell between the sexes.
If you've got the egg and sperm cells, then the next will be melting in both. And smelting is done by injecting the sperm into the egg so that fertilization will suffer.
Egg Sperm Penetrating struggle
To get pregnant, the sperm cells must compete with other sperm cells. Sperm cells are then managed to break through the egg is the highest quality sperm cells that time.
This amalgamation resulted in the conception or fertilization were performed in the laboratory. If in the past, a common method is to bring an egg with sperm in a petri dish with a culture medium. But now, many clinics that already use the technique of ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection). The way the sperm chosen the most good quality, is then injected directly into the egg.
In the sperm cells and egg cells that proved healthy, would be very easy for doctors to unite the two in a lab dish. However, if the sperm is not healthy so it can not swim to fertilize an egg, it will be the ICSI.
Process, in which a single sperm is injected directly into the egg
When the egg is split, then it indicates that the egg has become an embryo. Then, each day these embryos would be controlled to ensure that the embryo had been able to develop well so as to have some parts of the active cell.
Examples of embryo Aged 2 days
After the egg is met by a sperm cell, the cell will produce the fertilized egg (called by the name of embryos). The embryos will then divide over time. This has a 4-cell embryo, which is expected to reach the correct stage of development.
If the result of successful fertilization doctors can harvest up to 8 egg matured and fertilized everything is done on the same day with the OPU and sperm retrieval. From the conception, the result is 8 embryos. Then do the embryo transfer process.
5. Transfer of embryos
The next stage is examined embryos had to be inserted into the uterus for 3-5 days. If the embryo is attached properly to the wall of the woman's uterus, then this means that the embryo will thrive and be able to give the chance of pregnancy in women.
Doctors then pick the best embryos to be transferred 3 injected into the patient's reproductive system
Transfer embryos back to the uterus (embryo transfer / ET). From 8 embryos were finished, only 5 were of good quality. 1 of his excellent grade, fourth grade her good. Because age is still under 35 years old and good condition of the uterus, it is recommended that three embryos are transferred to avoid the possibility of twins. That is to prevent further complications. So three embryos transferred, 2 again stored (frozen) and can be used at a later date.
Implanted fetus
Once the embryo has 4-8 cells, the embryo is transferred into the woman's uterus and then attached to the uterus. Furthermore, the embryo grows and develops like a normal pregnancy so that the presence of the fetus will be detected by ultrasound.
Broadly speaking, the following 10 stages in the manufacturing process of IVF:
☛ Selection of patients. Are you worthy husband and IVF. When feasible, can only be entered and IVF.
☛ Stimulation or stimulate the ovaries to make sure the number of egg cells. Naturally, only one egg. but for IVF, need more than sati egg to obtain embryos.
☛ Monitoring the growth of follicles (fluid containing the egg cells in the ovaries) via ultrasound. The goal, to see if the egg is mature enough to 'harvest.'
☛ Mature egg cells by injecting the drug to be ready 'harvested.'
☛ Egg retrieval, then processed in the laboratory.
☛ The husband's sperm retrieval (the same day). If there is no problem, retrieval is done through masturbation. If the problem persists, taking sperm directly from the testes through surgery.
☛ Or conception (fertilization) in the culture media in the laboratory. the result is an embryo.
Transfer embryos back into the uterus in order to conceive, after the embryo is formed.
☛ Luteal phase support to maintain the lining of the uterus. Doctors give drugs to maintain the maternal uterine wall so that a pregnancy.
☛ Finally, save the frozen embryos. If there are more embryos, can be stored for subsequent pregnancies.
Harmful effects on pregnant IVF programs are usually at the time of egg retrieval, it will give rise to a risk that the emergence of a hemorrhage caused by egg retrieval earlier. Another impact is felt from IVF is a pregnancy that occurs outside the womb or uterus commonly referred to as ectopic. This has a risk of 5%, mothers will become infected, problems rhumatoid arthritis or lupus, allergies, and may have chances of miscarriage by 20%. OHSS disease that attacks are a form of complication of proliferation in the egg that will produce many follicles. Then this will result in an accumulation of fluid that will actually interfere with the function of the body and must be removed immediately. However, the risk of OHSS usually only around 1% only.
In addition, there are requirements that must be met from pregnant IVF program, namely:
☛ Couples who have been married one year or more and age must be under 42 years old wife and follows the examination process fertility or fecundity.
☛ Counseling about in vitro fertilization program regarding the procedures, costs, the possibility of the occurrence of success or failure and also the existence of a complication, ready to charge and ready to get pregnant, give birth and nurture their babies.
☛ If there is a factor of fertility, for women are usually the most ideal age is between 30-35 years of age. This means, that this age-old percentage chances of success of IVF will be higher than the older women aged around 36-40 years.
IVF and artificial insemination, What's the Difference?
IVF or in vitro fertilazion known (IVF) is very beneficial for troubled couples to have children. In addition to IVF, other medical reproduction procedure can be done by artificial insemination or artifical insemination (AI). Obviously with two medical way, is the best solution for couples who are experiencing problems regarding fertility.
However, what are the differences between IVF and AI? This certainly be one of the questions for couples who want to try the two ways terbut medical. Here's an explanation of the fundamental differences between infants tabungdan artificial insemination program, namely:
☛ IVF is a procedure that is more complex, involving sperm and egg of the couple. Where sperm and egg cells are placed in a petri dish for conception. Once the egg is fertilized and form an embryo, the embryo is implanted into the uterus after 5 days of fertilization occurs. While artificial insemination is done by placing a quality sperm into the uterus.
☛ IVF does not depend on a woman's ovulation cycle, but ovulation cycle will still be examined in order to extract mature egg cells will at fertilization. While artificial insemination is very dependent and adjust the timing of ovulation female patients to determine levels of success.
☛ In the IVF fertilization occurs outside the womb, when fertilization has occurred in the cup then the embryo will be replanted in the uterus. In contrast to the artificial insemination of fertilization occurred in the womb, but the patient must perform pregnancy tests two weeks after artificial insemination, to determine the success of this procedure.
☛ IVF success rate is higher than using artificial insemination procedures.
☛ Artificial insemination more demand some couples because the price is relatively cheap compared to using IVF.
Surely the difference between IVF and artificial insemination can be considered as a couple. However, efforts to overcome fertility problems you and your partner will be able to consult the doctor, in order to get the best solution to quickly get the child.
Source: http://www.belanjaalkes.com/blog/2015/05/how-is-test-tube-baby?lang=en
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